gnostic church of christ

[118] There is also the Qolast, or Canonical Book of Prayer and the Mandaean Book of John (Sidra 'Yahia) and other scriptures. Those Gnostics who avoided docetism and allowed Christ a real material body taught that the Christ spirit entered into Jesus' body at some point and was later withdrawn. Early research into the origins of Gnosticism proposed Persian origins or influences, spreading to Europe and incorporating Jewish elements. [93] This theme was further developed by Elaine Pagels,[94] who argues that "the proto-orthodox church found itself in debates with gnostic Christians that helped them to stabilize their own beliefs. [160], Marcion was a Church leader from Sinope (present-day Turkey), who preached in Rome around 150CE,[161] but was expelled and started his own congregation, which spread throughout the Mediterranean. The soul, sometimes referred to as the 'inner Adam' or Adam kasia, is in dire need of being rescued from the dark, so it may ascend into the heavenly realm of the World of Light. [113]:4[114] The Mandaeans are an ethnoreligious group that speak a dialect of Eastern Aramaic known as Mandaic. [155], The followers of Valentinus attempted to systematically decode the Epistles, claiming that most Christians made the mistake of reading the Epistles literally rather than allegorically. For many years our knowledge of Gnosticism was primarily through the refutations made by the orthodox. In the early- to mid-fourth century, Sethianism fragmented into various sectarian Gnostic groups such as the Archontics, Audians, Borborites, and Phibionites, and perhaps Stratiotici, and Secundians. Rather, we believe that the church is actually the members and believers that come together to practice Gods word, celebrate His love and extend His gifts. While some forms were utterly unrelated to Christianity, others considered themselves a higher type of Christian. Johann Lorenz von Mosheim (16941755) proposed that Gnosticism developed on its own in Greece and Mesopotamia, spreading to the west and incorporating Jewish elements. In turn, Gnostic writings spurred a whole new Christian literature when it became necessary to refute the spreading falsehood. If all matter is corrupt, Christ's body also was corrupt. [citation needed]. 1) New Releases In the end, the kingdom of light will prevail over darkness. The term is thus a central element of Gnostic cosmology. The Elchasaites, or at least Christians influenced by them, paired the male Christ with the female Holy Spirit, envisioning both as two gigantic angels. According to Dan Joseph, this claim has not been substantiated by any extant texts. For instance, every sect of Christianity on which we have any information on this point believed in a separate Logos who created the universe at God's behest. According to Layton, "the lack of uniformity in ancient Christian scripture in the early period is very striking, and it points to the substantial diversity within the Christian religion. We foster a community united through the Agape of Yeshua. Use this map to find a church near you. It is the temple of initiations and it is situated within the Astral Plane. [195] Irenaeus (died c. 202) wrote Against Heresies (c. 180185), which identifies Simon Magus from Flavia Neapolis in Samaria as the inceptor of Gnosticism. In many Gnostic systems, God is known as the Monad, the One. [161][10] Like the Gnostics, Marcion argued that Jesus was essentially a divine spirit appearing to men in the shape of a human form, and not someone in a true physical body. In it, Ramsey understands the church as a reflection the death and resurrection of Christ, and then argues that the various expressions of Christianity today each express their own gifts in accordance with the Resurrection, whether they are Catholic . [162] Some scholars do not consider him to be a gnostic,[163][note 27] but his teachings clearly resemble some Gnostic teachings. After almost being elected Bishop of Rome (i.e. Current champions of Gnosticism claim that the orthodox were mistaken, that they misunderstand the attempt by the Gnostics to explain reality through myth. [43] According to Wilhelm Bousset (18651920), Gnosticism was a form of Iranian and Mesopotamian syncretism,[39] and Richard August Reitzenstein (18611931) situated the origins of Gnosticism in Persia. While in Alexandria, where he was born, Valentinus probably would have had contact with the Gnostic teacher Basilides, and may have been influenced by him. Other names or identifications are Ahriman, El, Satan, and Yahweh. [note 18] God is the high source of the pleroma, the region of light. Free shipping for many products! to the thing the art represents. [10] The usual meaning of gnostikos in Classical Greek texts is "learned" or "intellectual", such as used by Plato in the comparison of "practical" (praktikos) and "intellectual" (gnostikos). And Jesus said: Whoever comprehends the true meaning of these teachings will not experience death. My Account (Downloads, etc) [96] Yet, a striking difference is that the canonical sayings center on the coming endtime, while the Thomas-sayings center on a kingdom of heaven that is already here, and not a future event. Even if this Theodas had been a follower of Paul, it would not validate Valentinus' teaching, for we know that some followers of Paul fell away, for he and other apostles warn of those who shipwrecked their faith and of wolves in sheep's clothing who will come among them. [186], Given that some of the earliest dated Kabbalistic texts emerged in medieval Provence, at which time Cathar movements were also supposed to have been active, Scholem and other mid-20th century scholars argued that there was mutual influence between the two groups. The Nag Hammadi texts demonstrated the fluidity of early Christian scripture and early Christianity itself. I can't stress this enough:we are not part of the Gnostic Sanctuary.Tau Rosamonde was aspiritual mentor to our founding minister, and we hold Her memory and Herteaching of Wild Gnosisvery near and dear to our hearts. The similarities probably point to a relationship between gnostic ideas and the Johannine community. [208], According to Ioan Culianu, gnosis is made possible through universal operations of the mind, which can be arrived at "anytime, anywhere". Their main text is the Apocryphon of John, which does not contain Christian elements,[139] and is an amalgam of two earlier myths. [31], Many of the Nag Hammadi texts make reference to Judaism, in some cases with a violent rejection of the Jewish God. No major scholar of any persuasion I know of accepts that any of them were written by those they name as authors. It depicts creation in a series of emanations from a primal monadic source, finally resulting in the creation of the material universe. [111], According to Joseph Lightfoot, the Church Father Epiphanius (writing in the 4th century AD) seems to make a distinction between two main groups within the Essenes:[109] "Of those that came before his [Elxai (Elkesai), an Ossaean prophet] time and during it, the Ossaeans and the Nasaraeans. [207], In addition, Alastair Logan uses social theory to identify Gnosticism. [196] The writings in these codices comprised fifty-two mostly Gnostic treatises, but they also include three works belonging to the Corpus Hermeticum and a partial translation/alteration of Plato's Republic. That would be complete and utter madness! It was as synthesis of Armenian Paulicianism and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church reform movement. It also focuses on the connection between pre-Socratic (and therefore Pre-Incantation of Christ) ideas and the false beliefs of early gnostic leaders. Christianity is very concretely an incarnate faith, where God is made flesh among us, and we have seen, touched and known God in the totally human and embodied life of Christ. The three main results of the battle with Gnosticism were an increased emphasis on apostolic succession, the tightening of the church hierarchy, and the Scriptural canon's definition. [193] Alfred North Whitehead was aware of the existence of the newly discovered Gnostic scrolls. Paul of Tarsus belonged to that church. [71], Sophia, emanating without her partner, resulted in the production of the Demiurge (Greek: lit. Gnostic Thelemite organizations, such as Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica and Ordo Templi Orientis, trace themselves to Crowley's thought. Detailed study to Annihilate the Ego. [34], Within early Christianity, the teachings of Paul and John may have been a starting point for Gnostic ideas, with a growing emphasis on the opposition between flesh and spirit, the value of charisma, and the disqualification of the Jewish law. The author of the Testament of Solomon held Christ to be a particularly effective "thwarting" angel in the exorcism of demons. There was no particular relationship among any set of groups which one could distinguish as Gnostic, as if they were in opposition to some other set of groups. In 24041, Mani travelled to the Indo-Greek Kingdom of the Sakas in modern-day Afghanistan, where he studied Hinduism and its various extant philosophies. [184] The pneuma (spirit) must therefore gain victory over the lower and material-bound psyche (soul or anima), to overcome its animal nature. We're completely unrelated to any of the above movements. The Quqites were a group who followed a Samaritan, Iranian type of Gnosticism in 2nd-century AD Erbil and in the vicinity of what is today northern Iraq. Our Lord the Christ and the Holy Masters officiate there. [5] Their religion has been practiced primarily around the lower Karun, Euphrates and Tigris and the rivers that surround the Shatt-al-Arab waterway, part of southern Iraq and Khuzestan Province in Iran. [35], Alexandria was of central importance for the birth of Gnosticism. However, scholars such as Kurt Rudolph, Mark Lidzbarski, Rudolf Macch, Ethel S. Drower and Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley argue for a Palestinian origin for Mandaeism. The GCOC was founded in 2002 in Atlanta, Georgia, and is one of the first if not the first denominations, or spiritual traditions, to have been founded through the Internet. [31], However, scholars specializing in Mandaeism such as Kurt Rudolph, Mark Lidzbarski, Rudolf Macch, Ethel S. Drower, James F. McGrath, Charles G. Hberl, Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley, and inasi Gndz argue for a Palestinian origin. The Gnostic Church of Sophia is spiritually connected with, but not part of, the Gnostic Sanctuary (Ecclesia Gnostica Mysteriorum). "[89] According to Gilles Quispel, Catholicism arose in response to Gnosticism, establishing safeguards in the form of the monarchic episcopate, the creed, and the canon of holy books. Another way to resist heresy was to emphasize a hierarchy of church leadership in which no man could be made priest or bishop unless he stood in the tradition of previous leaders. [122] Mandaeans consider John the Baptist to have been a Nasoraean Mandaean. [39] The Religionsgeschichtliche Schule saw Gnosticism as a pre-Christian phenomenon, and Christian gnosis as only one, and even marginal instance of this phenomenon. [141], According to Turner, Sethianism was influenced by Christianity and Middle Platonism, and originated in the second century as a fusion of a Jewish baptizing group of possibly priestly lineage, the so-called Barbeloites,[145] named after Barbelo, the first emanation of the Highest God, and a group of Biblical exegetes, the Sethites, the "seed of Seth". I see "Him", "Father", but also "Her" and "Mother". Typologies, "a catalogue of shared characteristics that are used to classify a group of objects together. Holy See: Yonkers, New York. According to Layton, this term was mainly applied by heresiologists to the myth described in the Apocryphon of John, and was used mainly by the Sethians and the Ophites. The ascription by Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, and others of a connection between schools in their time and the individual in Acts 8 may be as legendary as the stories attached to him in various apocryphal books. [192], Early 20th-century thinkers who heavily studied and were influenced by Gnosticism include Carl Jung (who supported Gnosticism), Eric Voegelin (who opposed it), Jorge Luis Borges (who included it in many of his short stories), and Aleister Crowley, with figures such as Hermann Hesse being more moderately influenced. It would be impossible that both light and darkness were created from one source, since they were regarded as two different eternal principles. Currently, this Church is affiliated with, and operates under a chapter of, the Ekklesia Epignostica (Esoteric Interfaith Church). According to Logan, the Gnostics were a cult, at odds with the society at large. [156] Simone Petrement, while arguing for a Christian origin of Gnosticism, places Valentinus after Basilides, but before the Sethians. In qualified monism the second entity may be divine or semi-divine. The Gnostics were in agreement with the " proto-orthodox " Christians of their time - the group of Christians that would eventually give rise to the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant churches - about many things concerning Jesus Christ. [note 17]. Were the orthodox wrong to reject the new form of "Christianity?" There was a renewed interest in Gnosticism after the 1945 discovery of Egypt's Nag Hammadi library, a collection of rare early Christian and Gnostic texts, including the Gospel of Thomas and the Apocryphon of John. [200], The study of Gnosticism and of early Alexandrian Christianity received a strong impetus from the discovery of the Coptic Nag Hammadi Library in 1945. A MESSAGE FROM THE AUTHOR: (EXCERPTS FROM . : What would Christianity be like if gnostic texts had made it into the Bible? The opponents of Gnosticism won the battle. If you are looking for a new church or just visiting Bellefontaine, please browse through our church directory to find a church that meets your needs. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1963. The Late ArchBishop Robert W. Lane (Matthews Succesion) Holy See: Chicago, IL. The Gnostic Order of Christ Home Page: May Your Journey Be Light! The gnostic doctrine taught that the world was created and ruled by a lesser divinity, the demiurge, and that Christ represented the remote supreme divine being. Fromsermons to attending our faith-based community initiatives or events everything we do is done in Love. [215] A similar suggestion has been made by Edward Conze, who suggested that the similarities between praj and sophia may be due to "the actual modalities of the human mind", which in certain conditions result in similar experiences.[216]. [120] The Mandaeans believe these malevolent rulers created demonic offspring who consider themselves the owners of the seven planets and twelve zodiac constellations. "The Modern Relevance of Gnosticism" in The Nag Hammadi Library, 1990, sfn error: no target: CITEREFFrekeGandy2005 (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, On the Detection and Overthrow of Knowledge Falsely So Called, Hymn of Jude Thomas the Apostle in the Country of Indians, The Book of Thomas: The Contender Writing to the Perfect, "Christianity - Early heretical movements | Britannica", "Reading the Story of Miriai on Two Levels: Evidence from Mandaean Anti-Jewish Polemic about the Origins and Setting of Early Mandaeism", "The Apocryphon of John - Frederik Wisse - The Nag Hammadi Library", "Gnostics and Valentinians in the Church Fathers", "The Pair (Syzygy) in Valentinian Thought", "The Gnostic World View: A Brief Summary of Gnosticism", "Jesus Origin and Identity Theodotus [of Byzantium]", "The Jesus Puzzle: Pieces in a Puzzle of Christian Origins", "Part I: Beginnings - Introduction: The Mandaean World", Iraqi minority group needs U.S. attention, "Contemporary Issues for the Mandaean Faith", "The First Baptists, The Last Gnostics: The Mandaeans", "Meet the Mandaeans: Australian followers of John the Baptist celebrate new year", "Religion Scholar Jorunn Buckley Honored by Library of Congress", "The People of the Book and the Hierarchy of Discrimination", "The Mandaeans: Their History, Religion and Mythology", "Dualism Religion Definition Dualistic Cosmology Christianity", Contact Made Vision: The Apocryphal Whitehead, "Fall 2014 Christianity Seminar Report on Gnosticism", "Gnosticism Theorized: Major Trends and Approaches to the Study of Gnosticism". Judaism referred to Her as Shekinah, the divine indwelling Presence of God. In Christianity, non-denominational churches are those not formally aligned with an established denomination, or that remain otherwise officially autonomous. "[98] According to DeConick, John may show a bifurcation of the idea of the Jewish God into Jesus' Father in Heaven and the Jews' father, "the Father of the Devil" (most translations say "of [your] father the Devil"), which may have developed into the gnostic idea of the Monad and the Demiurge. There is a danger that those who do not may be confused or misled by the popular claims. Gnostic cosmogony generally presents a distinction between a supreme, hidden God and a malevolent lesser divinity (sometimes associated with the Yahweh of the Old Testament)[2] who is responsible for creating the material universe. Even on this point, Gnostic writings differ. [159][note 26] Karen L. King notes that "Thomasine Gnosticism" as a separate category is being criticised, and may "not stand the test of scholarly scrutiny". The Gnostic Jesus Watch on What is the gnostic Gospel of Mary about? Going further than this, other contemporary scholars such as Michael Allen Williams[7] and David G. Robertson[8] contest whether "Gnosticism" is still a valid or useful historical category at all, or if instead it was simply a term of art of proto-orthodox heresiologists for a disparate group of contemporaneous Christian groups. . Unlike the more mainstream churches, we hold Divine Gnosis to be the highest Word of God, and the only true messenger. [1][22][note 14][23] Scholars debate Gnosticism's origins as having roots in Neoplatonism and Buddhism, due to similarities in beliefs,[24] but ultimately, its origins are currently unknown. [13][note 7][note 8][note 9] The term "Gnosticism" does not appear in ancient sources,[15][note 10] and was first coined in the 17th century by Henry More in a commentary on the seven letters of the Book of Revelation, where More used the term "Gnosticisme" to describe the heresy in Thyatira. [121] Therefore, Mandaeans are baptized repeatedly during their lives. On the contrary, it is more reasonable to expect the new cult to prove itself and defend its emerging practices. [104] Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy have expanded upon this idea of Paul as a gnostic teacher;[105] although their premise that Jesus was invented by early Christians based on an alleged Greco-Roman mystery cult has been dismissed by scholars. In, "Sod, The Son of the Man" Page iii, S. F. Dunlap, Williams and Norgate - 1861, Etudes mithriaques 1978 p545 Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin, Drower, Ethel Stefana. [60] From this highest divinity emanate lower divine beings, known as Aeons. The Knowledge of Life. Salvation through Christ alone = Gnostic Christianity Anonymous 02/28/23(Tue)22:05:28 No. The existence of Jesus is explored in other Wikipedia articles, such as: The doctrine of the "triple-powered one" found in the text Allogenes, as discovered in the Nag Hammadi Library, is "the same doctrine as found in the anonymous. God has many emanations or aspects (we call them Aeons), which may correspond to a more masculine or feminine force, but God simplyIs. [52][53], In 1966, at the Congress of Median, Buddhologist Edward Conze noted phenomenological commonalities between Mahayana Buddhism and Gnosticism,[54] in his paper Buddhism and Gnosis, following an early suggestion put forward by Isaac Jacob Schmidt. Sophia is the Wisdom of God, one of God's feminine aspects. Jesus is identified with angel Christology in parable 5, when the author mentions a Son of God, as a virtuous man filled with a Holy "pre-existent spirit".[38]. Other Gnostics, perhaps the majority, held that the body must be kept in check by strict asceticism. If their critics are reliable the basic conceptions of Gnostic cosmology are to be found in Cathar beliefs (most distinctly in their notion of a lesser, Satanic, creator god), though they did not apparently place any special relevance upon knowledge (gnosis) as an effective salvific force. In their opposition to Gnosticism, they appealed to the older scriptures, to history, to tradition, and to their own authority as appropriately appointed Christian leaders. He is now 30 years old and leads a simple life. Mandaeans also believe in an afterlife or heaven called Alma d-Nhura (World of Light). A human being captured by its animal desires, mistakenly claims autonomy and independence from the "higher God", thus resembling the lower deity in classical gnostic traditions. These are by no means all of the Gnostic writings. After its decline in the Mediterranean world, Gnosticism lived on in the periphery of the Byzantine Empire, and resurfaced in the western world. In December 1945 an Arab peasant made an astonishing archeological discovery in Upper Egypt. [108] The members of this sect performed frequent baptisms for purification and had a Gnostic disposition. One such issue is whether Gnosticism ought to be considered one form of early Christianity, an interreligious phenomenon, or an independent religion. Valentinianism was named after its founder Valentinus (c. 100 180), who was a candidate for bishop of Rome but started his own group when another was chosen. Likewise, they believed some kind of secret knowledge (gnosis) was essential to ensuring one's salvation. According to our database, there are approximately 44 churches in Bellefontaine, with 2 Catholic churches, 4 Baptist churches, 0 Pentecostal churches, 2 Methodist churches, and 36 other denomination churches. This thesis is most notably put forward by Gershom Scholem (18971982) and Gilles Quispel (19162006). [3] Consequently, Gnostics considered material existence flawed or evil, and held the principal element of salvation to be direct knowledge of the hidden divinity, attained via mystical or esoteric insight. [143], According to Smith, Sethianism may have begun as a pre-Christian tradition, possibly a syncretic cult that incorporated elements of Christianity and Platonism as it grew. Rumors . The author of De Centesima and Epiphanius' "Ebionites" held Christ to have been the highest and most important of the first created archangels, a view similar in many respects to Hermas' equation of Christ with Michael. A treasure trove of Gnostic documents found at Nag Hammadi includes several works representing a sour, blasphemous Jewish Gnosticism that takes a perverse delight in saying spiteful things about God as He is revealed in the Old Testament. In, sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilliams1999 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBrakke2011 (. Gnosticism was a notable heretical movement of the 2nd-century Christian Church, partially of pre-Christian origin. The teaching of Reunification in the Pleroma (Light) is very similar indeed to the Buddhist doctrine of Nirvana. The Church Fathers reacted to Gnostic teachings by inventing the twin concepts of orthodoxy and heresy. Regarding the angel Christology of some early Christians, Darrell Hannah notes: [Some] early Christians understood the pre-incarnate Christ, ontologically, as an angel. Restricting Gnosticism, "identifying which groups were explicitly called gnostics", Deconstructing Gnosticism, abandoning the category of "Gnosticism", This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 07:22. [103] The Naassenes, Cainites, and Valentinians referred to Paul's epistles. The Christian ecclesia (i. e. congregation, church) was of JewishChristian origin, but also attracted Greek members, and various strands of thought were available, such as "Judaic apocalypticism, speculation on divine wisdom, Greek philosophy, and Hellenistic mystery religions."[35]. Pleroma (Greek , "fullness") refers to the totality of God's powers. Mandaeans believe that there is a constant battle or conflict between the forces of good and evil. [3], Gnostic writings flourished among certain Christian groups in the Mediterranean world around the second century, when the Fathers of the early Church denounced them as heresy. [68] The aeons as a totality constitute the pleroma, the "region of light". [89], The Christian heresiologists, most notably Irenaeus, regarded Gnosticism as a Christian heresy. Each Gnostic worked out a solution as he or she pleased, freely inventing myths to his or her own satisfaction, borrowing at will from the thoughts of predecessors. The Origins and Early History of the Mandaeans and Their Relation to the Sabians of the Qurn and to the Harranians. "[204] Dillon further notes that the Messian-definition "also excluded pre-Christian Gnosticism and later developments, such as the Mandaeans and the Manichaeans."[204]. [6]:109. Gnostics claim to have special knowledge ( gnosis is the Greek word for "knowledge") on how to live the Christian life that is not revealed to "ordinary Christians." God's revelation in Scripture is not good enough or sufficient to give direction on how to live the Christian life. The last phrase in Colossians 2:8"not according to Christ"is a simple one, but it encapsulates what this is all about. Joachim divided history into three periods or ages: the age of the Father, the Age of the Son, and the Age of the Holy Spirit. [64] This creature is concealed outside the pleroma;[64] in isolation, and thinking itself alone, it creates materiality and a host of co-actors, referred to as archons. Reconstructions of incomplete Gnostic texts were attempted in modern times, but research on Gnosticism was coloured by the orthodox views of those heresiologists. In many Gnostic systems, the aeons are the various emanations of the superior God or Monad. Gnosticism as a philosophy refers to a related body of teachings that stress the acquisition of "gnosis," or inner knowledge. The Gnostic Church was established by Jesus of Nazareth in accordance with the rites of Melchizedek. The founder of "Christian" Gnosticism was Valentinus, born in Carthage in about 100 A.D. [179] In the Isma'ili Shia work Umm al Kitab, Azazil's role resembles whose of the Gnostic demiurge. Find a church today! Their baptismal ritual removed the consequences of sin, and led to a regeneration by which natural death, which was caused by these angels, was overcome. By then, most, if not all, of the writings that became our New Testament were 80 to 100 years old. For the Gnostics, the drama of the redemption of the Sophia through Christ or the Logos is the central drama of the universe. Their names include Second, Third, and Fourth Life (i.e. Gnostic doctrine presents christian mysticism and apocalyptic judaism. 2019 - 2022The Gnostic Church of Sophia. Several modern writers make it seem unfair of them. [191] Jules Doinel "re-established" a Gnostic church in France in 1890, which altered its form as it passed through various direct successors (Fabre des Essarts as Tau Synsius and Joanny Bricaud as Tau Jean II most notably), and, though small, is still active today. Divine elements "fall" into the material realm, and are locked within human beings. Portions of 46 different treatises (duplicates brought the total to 52) were discovered in a clay pot near Luxor, Egypt. According to Origen's Contra Celsum, a sect called the Ophites posited the existence of seven archons, beginning with Iadabaoth or Ialdabaoth, who created the six that follow: Iao, Sabaoth, Adonaios, Elaios, Astaphanos, and Horaios. [115][120] A number of modern gnostic ecclesiastical bodies have been set up or re-founded since the discovery of the Nag Hammadi library, including the Ecclesia Gnostica, Apostolic Johannite Church, Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica, the Gnostic Church of France, the Thomasine Church, the Alexandrian Gnostic Church, the North American College of Gnostic Bishops,[188] and the Universal Gnosticism of Samael Aun Weor. [197] Though the original language of composition was probably Greek, the various codices contained in the collection were written in Coptic. Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. At The Gnostic Church of Sophia, our doors are open to everyone. The term "Gnosticism" is a collective name for many varying groups that believed that matter is essentially evil and spirit good. Also, that esoteric knowledge (gnosis) enabled the redemption of the human spirit. Produced by individuals whom we now identify as "Gnostic," these texts have been put forward in recent years as reasonable alternative forms of Christianity, as branches that were unjustly suppressed, as teachings that should be allowed to modify the dogma that came down to us or as books that should have been incorporated into the Bible. Duration: 01:08:16. [67] The numbers of these pairings varied from text to text, though some identify their number as being thirty.
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