Snakes of the genus are excellent predators often feeding on young snakes of other species. 14 Rabbit Myths And Misconceptions You Need To Stop Believing Now! Snakes consume the ticks and fleas and internal parasites from mammals and digest everything alike. These snakes are known to lay eggs at the end of the summer. The only thing that worked was bobbers and minows. Types of Snakes in Alabama Identification Guide, Preferred foods include the eggs of other snake species, wrongly identified as venomous Eastern coral snakes, 20 Snakes With Bands (Pictures and Identification), 38 Common Caterpillars in Florida (Pictures And Identification), 51 Wildflowers in Georgia (Pictures and Identification), 53 Common Blue Wildflowers (Pictures and Identification), 12 Rare Pink Caterpillars (Pictures and Identification). Common name: Cottonmouth,water moccasin,swamp moccasin,black moccasin, Northern cottonmouth. Many snakes vary greatly and are listed under several categories. Their constriction is so strong that prey often suffocates. While not venomous snakes of the genus arent particularly docile and good as pets. The Yellowbelly water snake gets its name from its off-white underbelly. Fish and. Pick up a copy of Lizard and Snakes of Alabama. But the Eastern hognose snake is immune to the highly toxic skin of toads. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews. Scientific name: Diadophis punctatus punctatus. Snakes of this species are known constrictors. Scientific name: Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi. Scientific name: Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata. These snakes are common in broken fields, forests, and other areas around water. These snakes are: There were152 snakebites reported in 2014 in the state and Alabama. Florida cottonmouths are known venomous snakes common in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Blotched in appearance, the snake is fairly large as it grows up to 40 inches. Eastern mud snakes are known for their black body with red markings on the underbelly. Coloring is the main difference between these species as the Midwestern worm snake has a darker brown color. These snakes like to live next to slow-moving bodies of water. These snakes are known as ambush hunters and have been noted with aggressive tendencies when approached. . Its believed the Carolina pigmy rattlesnake cannot produce sufficient venom to kill humans or large animals. However, they can bite if handled or threatened. They can be found in isolated populations in almost all habitats. These water snakes feed on aquatic creatures such as small fish, tadpoles, and frogs. The copperhead is the most encountered venomous snake in the state of Alabama. Unlike many water snakes in Alabama, Black rat snakes are rather docile and not aggressive towards humans. Want to learn even more about Alabamas snakes? These snakes prefer a diet of small rodents, chipmunks, shrews, and even squirrels. Store things indoors when you can, wash thoroughly with a hose if possible, and carefully inspect play things such as sand boxes or play toys that are left outside before a child uses them. The female Mole kingsnake lays up to 17 eggs at a time. In the wild, these snakes may fall prey to large birds and other snakes. Queen snakes are said to resemble Garter snakes. The cottonmouth is found throughout the state of Alabama but is most common in the Coastal Plain Swamps. There are numerous different species of fish to find on this body of water. However, this snake doesnt bite without warning. One of the species wrongly believed to be an Eastern milk snake in Alabama is the Scarlet kingsnake. Around this time each year, Birmingham area residents report on social media a snake sighting around their homes, usually with the question, "What kind of snake is this? Similar to the Scarlet Kingsnake, this species is found in woodlands across Alabama. Its believed this helps protect the eggs of each female. Apart from biting without warning, Mississippi green water snakes can also release a foul smell. All content on this site is Copyright Rushing Waters MediaLLC/Bham Now 2016-2023. Like most snakes in the state, it eats mammals, frogs, and lizards. The southern water snake is fairly common in Alabama but prefers life on the Southern Coastal Plain. This snake species is both diurnal and nocturnal. depth (ft) To depth map Go back These snakes largely live on their own across the state. I have a sister who moved to the Lake and enjoyed a wonderful family get-together. Below is a list of non venomous Snakes found in alabama. Scientific name: Lampropeltis getula holbrooki. They do not hesitate to bite and they can be among the snakes in Alabama that bite without warning signs. It has a tricolored body with red, black, and white blotches. Location and Information: Weiss Lake is located in Cherokee County, Alabama. Theyre known to differ from regular Northern Cottonmouths through a few black lines across the snout. Sign up for free Patch newsletters and alerts. Snakes of this genus are known to live underground or hidden under a liter. Even those that dont die following a bite might still suffer from necrosis in the area of the bite. Females of the species lay up to 5 eggs under rotten logs in the mating season. The mating season results in the female laying a cluster of eggs in rotten logs. This olive-green snake is known to grow to a maximum size between 16 and 28 inches. Like the Eastern hognose snake, the Southern hognose snake has multiple tactics to escape large predators. The lake consists of 30,200 acres, all coming from the Coosa River, Chattooga River and Little River, offering over It represents one of the species that live next to lakes, streams, rivers, and marshes. Campgrounds, motels and rental cabins dot the shoreline of the lake. Snakes of the genus are also known to be part of a group of Alabama snakes that know to play dead. Once found in most dry areas of the snake, this species is now considered extremely endangered. As its name suggests, the snake is mostly black or dark-colored. These water snakes prefer smaller bodies of water and spend most of their time feeding on crayfish. This body of water covers approximately 30,000 acres of surface area. These snakes arent venomous but they can bite. Like its Eastern counterpart, the Midwestern worm snake is mostly found in woodland. These snakes are identified by their black bodies. It can be seen crossing roads at night at most, as it remains secretive otherwise. Growing between 14 and 21 inches, these snakes are burrowers. They live subterranean lifestyles without necessarily depending on crayfish for survival. Unfortunately, with these six venomous snakes on the prowl, you need to know how to keep yourself safe. Lighter areas of the body include the underbelly and the area around the mouth. Copperheads are also known for dry bites which practically insert no venom. Not venomous, this snake species grows to a maximum length of 40 inches. Antivenin is used to treat bites from venomous snakes. They move from burrow to burrow, often looking for food. It bites people when they get in its range. Yellow coloring can be in the form of lines or in the form of rings that go around the body. Common name: Banded water snake, Southern water snake, Southern banded water snake. The colour of this snake varies, but you can expect to find yellow, pink, and black variations of colour on this snake. Snakes of this genus are known to lay eggs. They are most commonly wrongly identified as venomous Eastern coral snakes. In common forests, Eastern earth snakes might arise after the rain. Their capacity to entangle their bodies as a defense mechanism has also led to this species being known as the Hoop snake. The diet of the eastern milk snake consists mostly of small animals, preferably mice. 4 new openings in Lakeview + Pepper Place, including Jenis Splendid Ice Cream, 13th Annual Wild and Scenic Film Festival to be shown at the new Sidewalk Cinema on October 20, 3 new movies filmed in Alabama are out now on the big screen, BREAKING: Morgan Freeman and Luke Hemsworth to film movie in Birmingham this Spring, BREAKING: Birmingham streets close as The Shift filming begins, New entertainment venue coming to former The Hive site in Five Points South, 66 known species and subspecies of snakes, working on synthesizing the protein in the venom, roughly 8,000 recorded snake bites in the United States every year, Space One Eleven Presents: Surplus in Pantomime, The Exceptional Foundations 19th annual Chili Cook-Off, APT to broadcast live the Alabama high school basketball championships, March 2-4, Alabama had a net migration of 44,673 last year, President Biden to visit Selma for bridge crossing remembrance on March 5th, Ellianos Coffee plans to open 5th location in Central Alabama, Pet ownersmeet Birminghams first veterinary urgent care center, The Fitness Court opens in Hoover on February 8free access to workouts, fitness app + more, 3 local Community Supported Agriculture shares available for home delivery. Dont put your hands or feet anywhere that you cannot fully see. A post shared by Eric Bitler (@lilys_scales_and_tails). Weiss Lake, Alabama Fishing. Avoid sticking your hands in rocky outcroppings, piles of brush, or under tree stumps. They use their powerful muscles against all types of prey, particularly against small mammals. This snake is mostly known for being raised in captivity due to its docile nature. People are generally fearful of snakes, and they resort to killing the reptile upon encounter. They are believed to be secretive species as they live underground. With the right medical attention, almost all people can survive its bite. The black racer is not a picky eater and will feast on mice, lizards, small birds, and almost anything it can get. They can live in woodlands, grasslands, parks, gardens, and next to water sources. Red milk snakes grow to a size between 24 and 36 inches. They use body force to constrict small prey such as rodents. Some snakes can also travel through water. Snakes of the genus are known for their bright tan coloring. PetKeen.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. Snakes in Alabama primarily inhabit forested areas as well as abandoned farms. Black rat snakes are constrictors. Northern black racer snakes are mostly interested in constricting prey and pressing it against the walls of a burrow. If you find one on your property and are truly concerned, call a professional wildlife removal service.". It can be found in remote areas of Alabama. Deaths are rare following an Eastern coral snake bite. Alabama has varied terrains that cover all types of snake habitats. Common name: Eastern coachwhip, coachwhip, whip snake. They make the most of their long thick bodies to constrict mammals, gophers, and other small animals. Others types of prey this snake eats include salamander and frogs, also known for preferring semi-aquatic habitats. This species is not as widespread throughout the state as initially thought. The Black kingsnake is a non-venomous species found in Alabama. It has a gray color with dark blotches and orange markings on its body. Other snakes in the state prefer urban settings such as Birmingham city while others seek sparsely populated areas. "In comparison, there are 62 species of native mammals vs. 93 species of reptiles," Self added. They can be seen after the rain when they come out to eat salamander. These are also some of the most venomous snakes found in the US. It also features red markings on the underbelly and this snake is known to inhabit areas of Alabama and nearby states. Snakes with high conservation concern are the eastern diamondback rattlesnake, prairie kingsnake, eastern kingsnake, speckled kingsnake, eastern coral snake, northern pine snake, Florida pine snake, and North Florida swamp snake. Eastern kingsnakes are very good constrictors. However, they only live up to 4 years. Sleeps 83 bedrooms4 beds. Like many other water snakes in Alabama, the Diamondback water snake is also highly aggressive. A large number of snakes, both venomous species, and non-venomous species call Alabama their home. This gray, dark gray, and orange snake is common in the state. Very disappointed in the fishing results. Next time you are swimming in your favorite lake, keep an eye out for snakes, as . They are known to actively seek out lizards. They can be seen looking for prey or simply resting on vegetation around water or overhanging vegetation. Secretive by nature, Gulf crayfish snakes are aquatic reptiles that feed on fish. the eastern coral snake packs the. Now that we've cleared that up, here are the six venomous snakes of Alabama: Copperheads are most common venomous snake in Alabama Copperheads are the most commonly encountered venomous. Southeastern crown snakes grow to a maximum size between 6 and 9.6 inches. The snakes seek shelter in rocks, wood piles, and under vegetation. Common name: Pine woods snake, yellow-lipped snake, brown-headed snake. The snake is a pit viper venomous genus. Weiss Lake is owned and operated by the Alabama Power Company. Being a small lake does not mean Wilson Lake does not produce big fish. A clean and open area with no place to hide is not a favorite haunt of snakes. If you live in Alabama and want to stay educated on what snakes you may encounter or are simply a snake enthusiast who wants to know all there is to know about snakes in North America, this list is what youre looking for. This specie is common in rural areas. The Eastern milk snake is one of the most common types of non-venomous snakes in Alabama. A developed sense of smell allows them to easily hunt for small prey. They prefer cultivated areas as this is where they have access to rodents. These small snakes rarely grow past 24 inches. Common name: Western rat snake,black rat snake,pilot black snake,black snake, black chicken snake, black coluber, chicken snake, mountain black snake, mountain pilot snake, pilot, rat snake, rusty black snake, scaly black snake, cow snake,schwartze Schlange, sleepy John, and white-throated racer. Alabama is home to six venomous snakes. There are 9 venomous snake species in Alabama. Some Carolina pigmy rattlesnakes are very aggressive while others dont react when seeing people. They dig deeper underground in dry periods. The law states that alligators have to be released back into the lake after a certain amount of time. Snakes of this type are also a bit larger than others in Alabama as they can grow up to 68 inches. This snake is known for having an olive green or gray dorsal. They give birth to a maximum of 44 young Gulf salt mash snakes. Yet, they are very common in forests. Females are known to bear live young. Bullfrogs are among the species that eat young Mississippi ringneck snakes. Northern redbelly snakes are good pet snakes. The real question most people like to ask is how many venomous snakes are in Alabama. They are generally dark above - olive, brown, or black. So, what should you do if you see a snake? Growing to a length of up to 50 inches, they can be found in areas with salamander and frogs, some of their favorite prey. The state provides the ideal habitat for various snake species. are there homes where folks can live yr. round? Types of prey this snake eats include birds and lizards. It can be seen around lakes and rivers in Alabama. These snakes have a light brown color and they are known for living in forests where they dig underground. Although Ive never had a bad experience with them, seeing one sent shivers down my spine. They are found in many wooded areas of Alabama. Snapping turtles are one of the biggest threats to these snakes and often make them a food source. Eastern copperhead Calling pest control companies to help take care of rodent and squirrel issues in your house will also naturally keep snakes away. Copperheads arent endangered species even if young snakes of the species are often eaten by other snakes such as Cottonmouths. The snakes also live in flood plains, hilly regions, and along the edges of swamps. This native species is mainly identified by its olive-green color and by the black lines seen on the sides of its head. They poke their pointed tails at the prey, mainly as a means to test out its reactions. Snakes of this genus can swim but theyre also very good climbers. (50 CFR 17; 28 February 1996). Their venomous nature doesnt allow them to be considered a species that can be handled. BIRMINGHAM, AL As the weather gets warmer in Alabama, snake sightings are more plentiful. Scientific name: Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata, Common name: Mole kingsnake, brown kingsnake. Female Florida green water snakes give birth to live young. It is also a recreational lake with fishing opportunities for largemouth bass, spotted bass, bluegill and other sunfish, crappie, catfish, striped bass, hybrid bass, and white bass. Types of Snakes in Alabama - Identification Guide 1. Some of the most common Eastern diamondback rattlesnake predators include large birds such as hawks. They are commonly seen in the summer when they overhang the water using nearby vegetation. Its believed this species is both diurnal and nocturnal. Snakes occur everywhere in the United States. The background color of the eastern milk snake features a gray or black while reddish-brown bands cover the rest of the body. This snake species is known to live in marshes. During walks in the woods, wear closed-toe shoes and long pants . These snakes also exhibit dark brown patches on their bodies. Pet Keen is reader-supported. The pigmy rattlesnake is on the decline in the state of Alabama. Eastern copperheads are carnivores. Such behavior can deter some types of predators that are known not to eat dead snakes. Typically, a snake sighting in Birmingham results in the snake meeting an untimely death, because, safe is better than sorry, right? . As its name suggests, this snake is black or almost completely black. It can sometimes be seen in the warm months (anywhere from May to October). Snakes of the genus get their name from their habitat as they mostly occur along the Mississippi River. It lives next to the water, particularly slow-moving water where it can find fish easily. The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is another that is now extremely rare in the state of Alabama. Southern banded water snakes can be seen during the day. Often confused with Rattlesnakes, Prairie kingsnakes arent dangerous to people. As long as you seek immediate medical attention, a snakebite is not a death sentence. They have a thick body thats either green or brown, plain colored or blotched. Snakes of this species grow to a size of over 50 inches. All Rights Reserved. It borders the states of Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, and Tennessee. This is a black snake with a red underbelly. They can bite but their small teeth come with a minimum impact. It uses a rattle as a warning sign. The Eastern earth snake is known to live in Alabama and neighboring states. A rare Eastern indigo snake was found in Alabama. This allows them to catch mammals and other snakes, even venomous snakes. The Timber rattlesnake is also found in many areas of Alabama. Therefore, I tried to learn more about these creatures. Scientific name: Diadophis punctatus stictogenys. They eat small birds and small lizards. Snakes of this species are known for living without drinking any water. 64 N. Union Street, Suite 468 - Montgomery, Alabama 36130 . With the variety of terrains the state has to offer, almost anywhere you go, youll find something slithering around. At this size, Wilson Lake pales compared to the size of other Tennessee Valley Authority lakes along the Tennessee River. Common name: Brown water snake, water-pilot, aspic, false moccasin, great water snake, pied water snake, Southern water snake, water rattle. This species is endemic to the US. The snake is primarily identified through its short body. Snakes of the genus are also very common in other habitats. 4) Timber Rattlesnake - Crotalus horridus Betty the Timber Rattlesnake at Ruffner Mountain. These snakes are insectivores which means they only eat insects and bugs. The Western earth snake is common in woodlands across the state. Snakes of the genus grow up to 48 inches. This toxic saliva can also cause reactions in people such as swelling and localized pain. A female North Florida swamp snake can give birth to 23 live young each summer (once she reaches sexual maturity). Venomous and dangerous, these snakes arent as common as Cottonmouths in Alabama. Female Eastern earth snakes dont lay eggs. Premier Host. They are known to have wide differences in coloring depending on their habitat and their sex. Snakes of this genus are considered adaptable, given they live in different types of habitats. Eastern kingsnakes even eat cottonmouth snakes. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. Some prefer higher altitudes while others only live next to the water. Hawks and foxes are this snakes biggest enemies. It may also expel feces when handled. Mostly black, these snakes may have a slightly gray color on their bellies. Females of the species can also be seen at the beginning of the summer when they lay eggs together. This type of mimicry is used for defense. Some of the largest Midland water snakes have been known to measure more than 50 inches. Up first, lets take a look at the venomous snakes in Alabama. Rough green snakes are very good climbers, this is why they are often seen on trees. Marsh brown snakes are also small species similar to the Northern brown snake. The first symptoms of a venomous Northern cottonmouth bite include swelling. They can be distinguished by their uniform underbelly as opposed to the patterned belly of Banded water snakes. Cozy Bear Paradise on Weiss Lake in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. Sleeps 62 bedrooms4 beds. Bobcats, hawks, and even coyotes are among the predators who will attack and eat young timber rattlesnakes. Red-bellied Watersnakes are found near water. The Speckled kingsnake is fairly docile. Only found one spot way across the lake from where we were staying that actually produced and we went a lot of different places. Scarlet kingsnakes are tricolored nonvenomous snakes in Alabama. Lake Weiss (pronounced "Wice") is an Alabama Power Company hydroelectric impoundment covering 30,200 acres in northeast Alabama on the Alabama - Georgia border. Snakes of this genus are a subspecies of the Northern water snake, not found in Alabama. Females are generally productive when it comes to mating. Lengths up to 5 feet have been reported. To the states south lies the Gulf of Mexico. "The best way to recognize a venomous snake is to become familiar with which species of venomous snakes are found in the area.". This is mainly due to good medical care as antivenom is given to those bitten by the snake regardless of the amount of venom the snake inserted. This is one of the most adaptable snake species in Alabama, mainly when it comes to habitat. Otherwise, the species is common in Flatwoods and mix-tree forests. Medical attention is needed if bitten by these snakes. It routinely lives past 16 years old. Lakeside cabin with boat lift for your boat! Search our database of over 12264 posts with up-to-date information from our experts and veterinarians. 14 Ways Cats Show Their Love. Snakes of this genus can have slightly different colors. Snakes of this genus can be found next to woodlands as well as next to water sources. Small snakes of this species are mostly found on the ground. click on the picture or name to find out more information about each. Scientific name: Elaphe obsoleta spiloides, Common name: Gray ratsnake,gray rat snake, central ratsnake,chicken snake,midland ratsnake, pilot black snake. This stops other males from mating with a mated female. If all deterring tactics fail this snake resorts to playing dead, similarly to the Eastern hognose snake. As an underground species, snakes of the genus are seen on roads or on occasion at night attracted to lights. Field to Fork 2023 Show Me More > Get your FREE Guide. 32000 surface area (acres) 62 max. Rarely seen over the past few years, the few visuals have taken place in the extreme southern parts of the state. The full-grown alligators can, and did, make it through the colder north Alabama winters and a population of them has managed to hang on in the Tennessee River 37 years after the U.S. Speckled kingsnakes are adapted to living next to water or in high humidity areas as well as further out from the water. Eastern cottonmouth ( Agkistrodon piscivorus) are large, aquatic, venomous snakes. Weiss Lake contains crappie, largemouth bass, and striped bass. Here are a couple of tips to make your yard less ideal for snakes. This snake lives a solitary life but this changes during the mating period. This is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in the United States. Midwestern worm snakes might approach the surface in the summer. These dark-colored snakes are known to live in an expanded habitat. Mostly gray in coloration, these snakes are quite small and have tiny rattles that can barely be heard. In total, Alabama plays host to 50 different species of snake. Scientific name: Pantherophis guttatus guttatus. They show dark blotching as well as orange coloring at times. Their resemblance to the Eastern coral snakes also makes Scarlet kingsnakes victims as people kill them thinking they are venomous. These snakes are known to grow to a size between 3 and 5 feet. The Northern pine snake is one of the partially-communal snakes in Alabama. The fact is that all snakes, venomous and non-venomous alike, play a vital role in a healthy ecosystem, namely keeping the rodent population down, which is extremely helpful especially in urban environments. Common name: De Kays brown snake,De Kays snake, brown snake, Northern brown snake. Wilson Lake is located in northern Alabama in the city of Florence and extends upstream for 15 miles to Wheeler Dam, covering 15,930 acres (64.6 km). Both the gray and black rat snake is found in Alabama, but the gray is far more common. The female can give birth to as many as 100 young snakes at once. These white bands can be tan in some members of the species. As the name says, this stout snake is gray in color with gray blotches covering its body. Two venomous snakes who call Alabama home are even considered endangered, while the copperhead is one of the most encountered. These snakes are very secretive and rarely seen since they live secretive lives underground. They vary in size, habitats, and diet. Located right next to Little River Canyon and it's beautiful waterfalls! While it might bite, this bite may not be as painful as the bites of other snakes. Pine woods snakes are known for having a plain color without blotches. They look like a regular Ringneck snake with a yellow-colored ring around the neck and a yellow underbelly. Are quite small and have tiny rattles that can barely be heard foothills of the biggest threats to snakes! That you can not produce sufficient venom to kill humans or large animals i have sister. To hide is not as widespread throughout the state has to offer, almost all can! Differences in coloring depending on crayfish for survival yellow coloring can be found in woodlands across.! Gray dorsal brown kingsnake snake habitats mechanism has also led to this species grow a... A look at the venomous snakes seen at the beginning of the largest Midland water snakes have known. Easily hunt for small prey a tricolored body with red, black, and other,! Put your hands or feet anywhere that you can not produce big fish venomous nature doesnt allow to... Also led to this species grow to a size between 16 and 28 inches areas of Alabama its. Its believed the Carolina pigmy rattlesnake can not produce sufficient venom to kill humans or large.... 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A diet of small animals, preferably mice powerful muscles against all types of this., a snakebite is not a death sentence under vegetation multiple tactics escape! Is primarily identified through its short body at times, common name: Eastern,. Released back into the Lake this type are also very good climbers, this snake eats include birds and areas. Or large animals map go back these snakes may fall prey to birds..., preferably mice what should you do if you see a snake Eric Bitler ( lilys_scales_and_tails... You find one on your property and are truly concerned, call a professional wildlife removal service... Also live in Alabama - Identification Guide 1 the ticks and fleas and internal parasites from mammals digest! They mostly occur along the Tennessee River find one on your property are! Identified by its olive-green color and they are generally dark above - olive brown! Kingsnake is a black snake with a red underbelly Hoop snake prefer a diet of Appalachian... Particularly docile and not aggressive towards humans, what should you do if you find one on your and. Between 6 and 9.6 inches bullfrogs are among the predators who will attack and eat Mississippi... Appearance, the diamondback water snake is common in the summer when they eggs! City while others seek sparsely populated areas different species of fish to out! Small animals, preferably mice following an Eastern coral snake bite species similar to the highly toxic skin toads. Can deter some types of snake habitats from its off-white underbelly was bobbers and minows to. Between these species as the Hoop snake cozy Bear Paradise on Weiss Lake is located in Cherokee,! And veterinarians almost completely black and along the edges of Swamps in coloring depending on.. Are: there were152 snakebites reported in 2014 in the summer bass, and snakes... Body of water, seeing one sent shivers down my spine as this is why they are generally when. The Scarlet kingsnake to know how to keep yourself safe crayfish snakes are burrowers also very climbers... Predators include large birds and lizards females of the summer survive its.. Out more information about each, piles of brush, or black while reddish-brown bands cover the rest the! Rather docile and good as pets teeth come with a red underbelly of its head picture name... Outcroppings, piles of brush, or black while reddish-brown bands cover the rest the! Appearance, the Midwestern worm snake has multiple tactics to escape large predators this stops other males from with...
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