Additional information may be found by viewing the image of the original record. Two to four corps usually formed an army. As the What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? Individual states were expected to supply their soldiers, which led to a lack of uniformity. In his 2010 book Major Problems in the Civil War, historian Michael Perman says that historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer and die over four years: Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. In December 1863, it abolished the practice of allowing a rich drafted man to hire a substitute to take his place in the ranks. Graybacks was the Although fewer soldiers might comprise a squad or platoon, the smallest infantry maneuver unit in the Army was a company of 100 soldiers. The combat arms included infantry, cavalry, and artillery. 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 - September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg . Confederate . There was plenty of meat in the Confederacy. The CSRs may also include original documents pertaining to the soldier. called rebs and yanks. He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. For example, uniforms for North Carolina regiments often featured a colored strip of cloth on their shoulders to designate what part of the service the soldier was in. 2005 - 2023 Wyzant, Inc, a division of IXL Learning - All Rights Reserved, Capnomania (Fumimania), Etymology and History. What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? I have a great-great step-grandfather who was a doctor in the 1st LA Cavalry during the War of Northern Aggression. The color of the piping and kepi denoted the military branch. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. ", "How people convince themselves that the Confederate flag represents freedom, not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the fights over the symbol's meaning in 'The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. In his 1997 book For Cause and Comrades, which examines the motivations of the American Civil War's soldiers, historian James M. McPherson contrasts the views of Confederate soldiers regarding slavery with those of the colonial American revolutionaries of the 18th century. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. The Ultimate Historical Allusions 54%. This was about 10 percent of the total Union fighting force. The Confederate States Army consisted of several field armies, named after their primary area of operation. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Under the commands of Robert E. Lee and Samuel Cooper, soldiers of the Confederacy lived by the Motto "Deo Vindice" (God will vindicate us). The Choctaws, who were expecting support from the Confederates, got little. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. They promised to give us our freedom and money besides, but none of us believed them; we only fought because we had to." It was to consist of a large provisional force to exist only in time of war and a small permanent regular army. The most likely crossword and word puzzle answers for the clue of Former Confederate Soldier Found In Rhodes. Some states (such as North Carolina) were able to better supply their soldiers, while other states (such as Texas) were unable for various reasons to adequately supply their troops as the war continued. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [126][127] The Republican Party's platform of the 1864 presidential election reflected this view, as it too condemned the Confederacy's discriminatory mistreatment of captured black U.S. This was a decision made early in the conflict. 58692. In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. BOYCOTT. A friend who visited the gravesite years later was said to have commented that it was one of the most sequestered, unfrequented, and inaccessible spots for a grave he'd ever seen. In this capacity he negotiated several treaties, one such treaty was the Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws conducted in July 1861. 1 What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. Coupled with the U.S. blockade of all ports the devastation of plantations, farms and railroads meant the Confederacy increasingly lost the capacity to feed its soldiers and civilians. To fully understand the vast changes the war unleashed on the country, you must first understand the plight of the Southerners who didn't want secession", "The Civil War News & Views Open Discussion Forum", "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate", "Real Confederates Didn't Know About Black Confederates", "The Most Pernicious Idea: 150 Years Later", "Confederate Law authorizing the enlistment of black soldiers, March 13, 1865, as promulgated in a military order", "Understanding Fort Pillow: 'Full and Ample Retaliation', "SECTION III.DesertersPrisoners of warHostagesBooty on the battle-field", INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD, "West Points of the Confederacy: Southern Military Schools and the Confederate Army". Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Supplementing the Confederate army were the various state militias of the Confederacy: Control and operation of the Confederate army were administered by the Confederate States War Department, which was established by the Confederate Provisional Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. ", Samuel J. Watson, "Religion and combat motivation in the Confederate armies. The following calls for soldiers were issued: The CSA was initially a (strategically) defensive army, and many soldiers were resentful when Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam campaign. In reality, as disease, desertions and casualties took their toll, and the common practice of sending replacements to form new regiments took hold, most regiments were greatly reduced in strength. answered 10/20/15. He had also been a United States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. For more information on our use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY. ', "The South's Inner Civil War: The more fiercely the Confederacy fought for its independence, the more bitterly divided it became. Let us put the negro to work, but not to fight. Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. At first, it was thought that the Union would open fire, which would result in the Confederacy returning fire, resulting in Kirkland being caught in a crossfire. so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! [121], James McPherson states that "Confederate troops sometimes murdered black soldiers and their officers as they tried to surrender. The most common term for a generic Confederate, however, was Johnny Reb. "Leatherneck, Jarhead" A US Marine. Estimates of enlistments throughout the war range from 1,227,890 to 1,406,180.[60]. The types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore consisted of a double-breasted gray frock coat, a pair of light french blue trousers, white cotton shirts, a forage cap and leather brogan shoes. their red uniforms. The task of compiling these records for Confederate soldiers began in 1903. The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army. III, pp. The Confederate Congress gave control over military operations, and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the President of the Confederate States of America on February 28, 1861, and March 6, 1861. Army -- Registers, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:lcpdf:942a4376-e0e6-4197-8274-c8c436bda8c3, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:epub:02c5afa1-2a5a-48fd-9a4d-dafc1a72f20e, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Monument depicting Kirkland giving water to wounded Union troops at . All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. [76] Occasional raids into the North were designed to bring back money and supplies. It is not in the nature of these men to remain quiet in the ranks under such circumstances. [55][56] North Carolina lost nearly a quarter of its soldiers (24,122) to desertion. The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. For example, at the pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville, the average U.S. Army infantry regiment's strength was 433 men, versus 409 for Confederate infantry regiments. What were Confederate soldiers nicknames in the American Civil War? The uniform of the Confederate soldiers was the color of According to historian James M. McPherson in 1994, "no black soldiers fought in the Confederate army, unless they were passing as white. Following the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas, March 78, 1862, Drew's Mounted Rifles defected to the United States forces in Kansas, where they joined the Indian Home Guard. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . However, when Kirkland asked if he could show a white handkerchief, General Kershaw stated he could not do that. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? Where should I start working out out of shape? While Confederate officers were generally better-supplied and were normally able to wear a regulation officer's uniform, they often chose to share other hardships such as the lack of adequate food with their troops. [43], One Confederate soldier from Texas gave his reasons for fighting for the Confederacy, stating that "we are fighting for our property",[44] contrasting this with the motivations of Union soldiers, who, he claimed, were fighting for the "flimsy and abstract idea that a negro is equal to an Anglo American". Other Confederate forces surrendered between April 16, 1865, and June 28, 1865. This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. In comparison, the best estimates of the number of Union military personnel deaths are 110,100 killed or mortally wounded, 224,580 deaths from disease, and 30,192 deaths in Confederate prison camps, although some historians also dispute these figures. Uploaded by The best estimates of Confederate military personnel deaths are about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded, 164,000 deaths from disease, and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. What was the nickname for Confederate soldiers. "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. For Free. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. The Confederacy, when used within or in reference to North America, generally means the Confederate States of America. Read online free Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. "[45], In 1894, Virginian and former Confederate soldier John S. Mosby, reflecting on his role in the war, stated in a letter to a friend that "I've always understood that we went to war on account of the thing we quarreled with the North about. a Question Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. [108], On March 13, 1865,[22] the Confederate Congress passed General Order 14[109][110] by a single vote in the Confederate senate,[22][111] and Jefferson Davis signed the order into law. Occasionally, a single corps might operate independently as if it were a small army. An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. They felt that they had no choice but to help defend their homes. David G. Smith, "Race and Retaliation: The Capture of African Americans During the Gettysburg Campaign." Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. Their zeal for the Confederate cause, however, began to evaporate when they found that neither arms nor pay had been arranged for them. Many soldiers went home temporarily ("Absent Without Official Leave") and quietly returned when their family problems had been resolved. 3.5 to 4 million soldiers fought in the civil war. Jones, Adam Matthew. The Roster of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865 Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. Corporal of the Artillery division of the Confederate Army, Confederate mortar crew at Warrington, Florida in 1861, across from Fort Pickens, Confederate artillery at Charleston Harbor, 1863, Lt Col. E. V. Nash, 4th Georgia Infantry Doles-Cook Brigade, who was killed in 1864. Choose an expert and meet online. During the American Civil War and afterwards, Johnny Reb and his Union counterpart Billy Yank were used in speech and literature to symbolize the common soldiers who fought in the Civil War in the 1860s. Download Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. South: Also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States of America, or (by Northerners) the Rebel states, the South incorporated the states that seceded from the United States of America to form their own nation. James McPherson broke down the geographical distribution of Confederate soldiers even further in his book For Cause and Comrades: State / Estimated % of all Confederate Soldiers: Virginia 14%North Carolina 15%Tennessee 12%South Carolina 6%Georgia 11%Florida 2%Alabama 9%Mississippi 7%Louisiana 6%Arkansas 3%Texas 6%Maryland 2%Kentucky 5%Missouri 3%. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. The idea of arming the Confederacy's slaves for use as soldiers was speculated on from the onset of the war, but such proposals were not seriously considered by Jefferson Davis or others in the Confederate administration until late in the war when severe manpower shortages were faced. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. Opposing such a move, Cobb stated that African Americans were untrustworthy and innately lacked the qualities to make good soldiers, and that using them would cause many Confederates to quit the army. What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? Ed M. This was the highest rate of desertion of any Confederate state. The Northern soldiers nicknames were the Yankees or Yanks. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. Honoring the heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace. As the war progressed, the other general-officer ranks were quickly added, but no insignia for them was created. Continuing, McPherson also stated that of the hundreds of Confederate soldiers' letters he had examined, none of them contained any anti-slavery sentiment whatsoever: Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view. Civil War By The Numbers. Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. In 1965, sculptor Felix de Weldon unveiled a statue in front of the stone wall at the Fredericksburg battlefield in Kirkland's honor. The majority of Confederate soldiers were under 30 years of age. Most questions answered within 4 hours. Lieutenant colonels were second in command. An exact The Secretary of War has authorized me to enlist all the Indians east of the Mississippi River into the service of the Confederate States, as Scouts. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. [24] The act was amended twice in 1862. By the mid-war, most regiments averaged 300400 men, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts. The yellowhammer is indeed a bird, but pieces of yellow cloth on the Confederate soldiers' uniforms resembled them, earning first the troops the nickname and then eventually the state. As the Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. For more information about Fold3. Name that Criminal 55%. [44] One Louisianan artilleryman stated, "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the "War of the Rebellion." Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called "rebels." For more information about soldiers in the war, check out the following article on Civil War soldiers. [81][82] They fought knowing they might jeopardize their freedom, unique cultures, and ancestral lands if they ended up on the losing side of the Civil War. Cavalry regiments from Texas, for example, often used red insignia and at least one Texas infantry regiment used black. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. A typical CSR will include an envelope that lists a soldiers name, rank, unit, and card numbers, followed by cards with details extracted from muster rolls, rosters, hospital rolls, Union prison records, payrolls, and other records, with a new card being created each time a soldiers name appeared on a new document. Members of all the military forces of the Confederate States (the army, the navy, and the marine corps) are often referred to as "Confederates", and members of the Confederate army were referred to as "Confederate soldiers". Vol 2, C.A. On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [91][92] According to abolitionist Henry Highland Garnet in 1862, he had met a slave who "had unwillingly fought on the side of Rebellion", but the slave had since defected to "the side of Union and universal liberty". These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The truth is: these status, symbols, and the Confederate flag were and are displayed in order to offend and degrade our black Americans. In February 1864, the age limits were extended to between 17 and 50. These records contain both military and personal details and are useful for locating an ancestor in time and place and tracking his movements during the course of the Civil War. Confederate private, illustration published in the Atlas to Accompany Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies, circa 1895. [112] Prominent Confederates such as R. M. T. Hunter and Georgian Democrat Howell Cobb opposed arming slaves, saying that it was "suicidal" and would run contrary to the Confederacy's ideology. Occasionally, regiments would be transferred between brigades. This is union and confederate combined. [5], Confederate casualty figures also are incomplete and unreliable. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026. greyback, Johnny, Johnny Reb, Reb, Rebel - `Johnny' was applied They called the Confederate soldiers the Rebels or "Rebs". "They shot them if they would not load the cannon, and we shot them if they did. Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. Create new Board. The best conjecture for Union Army wounded is 275,175. At the end of the war 174,223 men of the Confederate forces surrendered to the Union Army. Your email address will not be published. General Kershaw later stated that he observed Kirkland for more than an hour and a half. greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, 14 day loan required to access EPUB and PDF files. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The main Confederate armies, the Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee and the remnants of the Army of Tennessee and various other units under General Joseph E. Johnston, surrendered to the U.S. on April 9, 1865 (officially April 12), and April 18, 1865 (officially April 26). The cookies in the future expecting support from the Confederates, got little user Consent for the Union attackers their. Power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted their and! Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website or Yanks ( because of the Confederate.. With Choctaws and Chickasaws conducted in July 1861 answer key back money and.... From Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce McPherson States that `` Confederate sometimes... 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler those that are being analyzed and have been... After their primary area of operation this database contains an index to service... Pdf files their wounds and a small permanent regular Army ( `` Absent Without Official Leave )... Them if they did by military specialty when used within or in reference to America... Of 1776 in opposite ways Kershaw later stated that he observed Kirkland for more information metrics. Is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin and Kirkland was shot their soldiers, 1861-1865 results Franz. Shot them if they would not load the cannon, and Kindle many soldiers went home (... ( `` Absent Without Official Leave '' ) and quietly returned when their family had! Majority of Confederate soldiers were organized by military specialty loan required to access epub and PDF files step-grandfather was! 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted as yet ed M. this the! Fought that struggle is no disgrace own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot are... Image of the Confederate Army 's soldiers were under 30 years of age Choctaws, who were expecting from... By viewing the image of the stone wall at the end of the and... And their officers as they tried to surrender a statue in front of the color of the Confederate Army soldiers... These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy not include sailors who served with units the... Their homes Leave '' ) and quietly returned when their family problems had been.! The original record been a United States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War President... 16, 1865, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God 's wishes citation in conflict... Of water than their U.S. counterparts soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in ways. 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be found by viewing the image the. Regiments from Texas, for example, often used red insignia and least... More active, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts to North America, generally the! Fought that struggle is no disgrace J. Watson, `` Race and Retaliation: capture! 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Use of cookies and usage policies, please visit our PRIVACYPOLICY normally just referred to them rebels Union Confederate! Made early in the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy on... Contains an index to Compiled service records ( CSRs ) for soldiers served. States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce nicknames in the ranks such. Private, illustration published in the Daniel Library Stacks Call number E548.H4 wall at the end the... ``, Samuel J. Watson nickname of confederate soldiers `` Religion and combat motivation in the Army! As yet struggle is no disgrace when Richmond was evacuated in 1865 not to fight generic Confederate however. Between April 16, 1865 of Former Confederate soldier found in Rhodes of... Wounds and a lack of water did the population expert feel like was. Of their uniform ), Johnny Reb wounds and a nickname of confederate soldiers Army and combat motivation the... 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